其实原理很简单，就是控制单片机的某个引脚，输出一定频率的方波信号，而输出方波信号的方法，是最基础的，最简单的编程了，用定时器定时，根据信号频率算出信号周期，然后计算出定时的时间。那单片机演奏歌曲的程序，也是同样的原理，只是事先根据歌曲的简谱查出每个音阶的信号频率，再根据各音阶频率计算出定时器的初值。演奏时，按简谱的各音阶顺序输出不同的频率的信号就行了。
下表是音阶与频率对应关系表，给出常用音阶对应的定时常数。
#include "reg52.h"
unsigned char Count;
sbit _Speak =P2^3 ; //讯响器控制脚
unsigned char code SONG[] ={ //祝你平安
0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x80,0x26,0x20,0x30,0x20,
0x30,0x20,0x39,0x10,0x30,0x10,0x30,0x80,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1c,0x20,
0x20,0x80,0x2b,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x2b,0x10,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x80,0x26,0x20,
0x30,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x39,0x10,0x26,0x10,0x26,0x60,0x40,0x10,0x39,0x10,0x26,0x20,
0x30,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x39,0x10,0x26,0x10,0x26,0x80,0x26,0x20,0x2b,0x10,0x2b,0x10,
0x2b,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x39,0x10,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x10,0x2b,0x20,0x2b,0x40,0x40,0x20,
0x20,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x2b,0x10,0x26,0x30,0x30,0x80,0x18,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x26,0x20,
0x20,0x20,0x20,0x40,0x26,0x20,0x2b,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x20,0x20,
0x20,0x80,0x1c,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x30,0x60,0x39,0x10,0x30,0x10,
0x20,0x20,0x2b,0x10,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x10,0x26,0x10,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x10,0x2b,0x80,
0x18,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x60,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x20,0x30,0x20,
0x30,0x20,0x1c,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x80,0x26,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x30,0x10,0x30,0x20,
0x39,0x20,0x26,0x10,0x2b,0x10,0x2b,0x20,0x2b,0x40,0x40,0x10,0x40,0x10,0x20,0x10,
0x20,0x10,0x2b,0x10,0x26,0x30,0x30,0x80,0x00,
//路边的野华不要采
0x30,0x1C,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x40,0x1C,
0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1C,0x20,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x80,0xFF,0x20,0x30,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x20,
0x15,0x20,0x1C,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x40,0x20,0x20,0x2B,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,
0x30,0x80,0xFF,0x20,0x20,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x2B,0x20,0x30,
0x20,0x2B,0x40,0x20,0x20,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x2B,0x20,0x30,
0x20,0x2B,0x40,0x20,0x30,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x15,0x20,0x1C,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,
0x40,0x20,0x20,0x2B,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x80,0x20,0x30,0x1C,0x10,0x20,
0x10,0x1C,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x2B,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x2B,0x40,0x20,0x15,0x1F,
0x05,0x20,0x10,0x1C,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x20,0x2B,0x20,0x30,0x20,0x2B,0x40,0x20,
0x30,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x20,0x15,0x20,0x1C,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x26,0x40,0x20,0x20,0x2B,
0x20,0x26,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x30,0x20,0x30,0x1C,0x10,0x18,0x40,0x1C,0x20,0x20,
0x20,0x26,0x40,0x13,0x60,0x18,0x20,0x15,0x40,0x13,0x40,0x18,0x80,0x00,
};
void Time0_Init()
{
TMOD = 0x01;
IE = 0x82;
TH0 = 0xD8;
TL0 = 0xEF; //12MZ晶振，10ms
}
void Time0_Int() interrupt 1
{
TH0 = 0xD8;
TL0 = 0xEF;
Count++; //长度加1
}
/*-------------------------------------------------
功能:1MS延时子程序
-------------------------------------------------*/
void Delay_xMs(unsigned int x)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for( i =0;i x;i++ )
{
for( j =0;j3;j++ );
}
}
/*-------------------------------------------------
功能:歌曲播放子程序i为播放哪一段曲目
-------------------------------------------------*/
void Play_Song(unsigned char i)
{
unsigned char Temp1,Temp2;
unsigned int Addr;
Count = 0; //中断计数器清0
Addr = i * 217;
while(1)
{
Temp1 = SONG[Addr++];
if ( Temp1 == 0xFF ) //休止符
{
TR0 = 0;
Delay_xMs(100);
}
else if ( Temp1 == 0x00 ) //歌曲结束符
{
return;
}
else
{
Temp2 = SONG[Addr++];
TR0 = 1;
while(1)
{
_Speak = ~_Speak;
Delay_xMs(Temp1);
if ( Temp2 == Count )
{
Count = 0;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
/*-------------------------------------------------
功能:主程序
-------------------------------------------------*/
void main()
{
Time0_Init(); //定时器0中断初始化
while(1)
{
Play_Song(0); //播放
}
}
//此程序在硬件上调试通过
//本程序的单片机晶振采用11.0592m
#include
reg51.h
sbit
speaker=p1^2;
unsigned
char
timer0h,timer0l,time;
//世上只有妈妈好数据表
code
unsigned
char
sszymmh[]={
6,2,3,
5,2,1,
3,2,2,
5,2,2,
1,3,2,
6,2,1,
5,2,1,
6,2,4,
3,2,2,
5,2,1,
6,2,1,
5,2,2,
3,2,2,
1,2,1,
6,1,1,
5,2,1,
3,2,1,
2,2,4,
2,2,3,
3,2,1,
5,2,2,
5,2,1,
6,2,1,
3,2,2,
2,2,2,
1,2,4,
5,2,3,
3,2,1,
2,2,1,
1,2,1,
6,1,1,
1,2,1,
5,1,6,
0,0,0
};
//
音阶频率表
高八位
code
unsigned
char
freqh[]={
0xf2,0xf3,0xf5,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,
0xf9,0xf9,0xfa,0xfa,0xfb,0xfb,0xfc,0xfc,
//1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,i
0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,
0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xff,
}
;
//
音阶频率表
低八位
code
unsigned
char
freql[]={
0x42,0xc1,0x17,0xb6,0xd0,0xd1,0xb6,
0x21,0xe1,0x8c,0xd8,0x68,0xe9,0x5b,0x8f,
//1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,i
0xee,0x44,
0x6b,0xb4,0xf4,0x2d,
0x47,0x77,0xa2,0xb6,0xda,0xfa,0x16,
};
void
delay(unsigned
char
t)
{
unsigned
char
t1;
unsigned
long
t2;
for(t1=0;t1t;t1++)
{
for(t2=0;t28000;t2++)
{
;
}
}
tr0=0;
}
void
t0int()
interrupt
1
{
tr0=0;
speaker=!speaker;
th0=timer0h;
tl0=timer0l;
tr0=1;
}
void
song()
{
th0=timer0h;
tl0=timer0l;
tr0=1;
delay(time);
}
void
main(void)
{
unsigned
char
k,i;
tmod=1;
//置ct0定时工作方式1
ea=1;
et0=1;//ie=0x82
//cpu开中断,ct0开中断
while(1)
{
i=0;
while(i100){
//音乐数组长度
，唱完从头再来
k=sszymmh[i]+7*sszymmh[i+1]-1;
timer0h=freqh[k];
timer0l=freql[k];
time=sszymmh[i+2];
i=i+3;
song();
}
}
}
#define uchar unsigned char //定义一下方便使用
#define uint unsigned int
#define ulong unsigned long
#include reg52.h //包括一个52标准内核的头文件
char code dx516[3] _at_ 0x003b;//这是为了仿真设置的
sbit BEEP=P1^7; //喇叭输出脚
sbit P10=P1^0;
sbit K1= P3^2;
sbit K2= P3^5;
sbit K3= P2^4;
sbit K4= P2^5;
uchar th0_f; //在中断中装载的T0的值高8位
uchar tl0_f; //在中断中装载的T0的值低8位
//T0的值,及输出频率对照表
uchar code freq[36*2]={
0xA9,0xEF,//00220HZ ,1 //0
0x93,0xF0,//00233HZ ,1#
0x73,0xF1,//00247HZ ,2
0x49,0xF2,//00262HZ ,2#
0x07,0xF3,//00277HZ ,3
0xC8,0xF3,//00294HZ ,4
0x73,0xF4,//00311HZ ,4#
0x1E,0xF5,//00330HZ ,5
0xB6,0xF5,//00349HZ ,5#
0x4C,0xF6,//00370HZ ,6
0xD7,0xF6,//00392HZ ,6#
0x5A,0xF7,//00415HZ ,7
0xD8,0xF7,//00440HZ 1 //12
0x4D,0xF8,//00466HZ 1# //13
0xBD,0xF8,//00494HZ 2 //14
0x24,0xF9,//00523HZ 2# //15
0x87,0xF9,//00554HZ 3 //16
0xE4,0xF9,//00587HZ 4 //17
0x3D,0xFA,//00622HZ 4# //18
0x90,0xFA,//00659HZ 5 //19
0xDE,0xFA,//00698HZ 5# //20
0x29,0xFB,//00740HZ 6 //21
0x6F,0xFB,//00784HZ 6# //22
0xB1,0xFB,//00831HZ 7 //23
0xEF,0xFB,//00880HZ `1
0x2A,0xFC,//00932HZ `1#
0x62,0xFC,//00988HZ `2
0x95,0xFC,//01046HZ `2#
0xC7,0xFC,//01109HZ `3
0xF6,0xFC,//01175HZ `4
0x22,0xFD,//01244HZ `4#
0x4B,0xFD,//01318HZ `5
0x73,0xFD,//01397HZ `5#
0x98,0xFD,//01480HZ `6
0xBB,0xFD,//01568HZ `6#
0xDC,0xFD,//01661HZ `7 //35
};
//定时中断0,用于产生唱歌频率
timer0() interrupt 1
{
TL0=tl0_f;TH0=th0_f; //调入预定时值
BEEP=~BEEP; //取反音乐输出IO
}
//******************************
//音乐符号串解释函数
//入口:要解释的音乐符号串,输出的音调串,输出的时长串
changedata(uchar *song,uchar *diao,uchar *jie)
{
uchar i,i1,j;
char gaodi; //高低+/-12音阶
uchar banyin;//有没有半个升音阶
uchar yinchang;//音长
uchar code jie7[8]={0,12,14,16,17,19,21,23}; //C调的7个值
*diao=*song;
for(i=0,i1=0;;)
{
gaodi=0; //高低=0
banyin=0;//半音=0
yinchang=4;//音长1拍
if((*(song+i)=='|') || (*(song+i)==' ')) i++;
//拍子间隔和一个空格过滤
switch(*(song+i))
{
case ',': gaodi=-12;i++;//低音
break;
case '`': gaodi=12;i++; //高音
break;
}
if(*(song+i)==0) //遇到0结束
{
*(diao+i1)=0; //加入结束标志0
*(jie+i1)=0;
return;
}
j=*(song+i)-0x30; i++; //取出基准音
j=jie7[j]+gaodi; //加上高低音
yinc: switch(*(song+i))
{
case '#': //有半音j加一个音阶
i++;j++;
goto yinc;
case '-': //有一个音节加长
yinchang+=4;
i++;
goto yinc;
case '_': //有一个音节缩短
yinchang/=2;
i++;
goto yinc;
case '.': //有一个加半拍
yinchang=yinchang+yinchang/2;
i++;
goto yinc;
}
*(diao+i1)=j; //记录音符
*(jie+i1)=yinchang; //记录音长
i1++;
}
}
//******************************************
//奏乐函数
//入口:要演奏的音乐符号串
void play(uchar *songdata)
{
uchar i,c,j=0;
uint n;
uchar xdata diaodata[112]; //音调缓冲
uchar xdata jiedata[112]; //音长缓冲
changedata(songdata,diaodata,jiedata); //解释音乐符号串
TR0=1;
for(i=0;diaodata[i]!=0;i++) //逐个符号演奏
{
tl0_f=freq[diaodata[i]*2]; //取出对应的定时值送给T0
th0_f=freq[diaodata[i]*2+1];
for(c=0;cjiedata[i];c++) //按照音长延时
{
for(n=0;n32000;n++);
if((!K1)||(!K2)||(!K3)||(!K4))//发现按键,立即退出播放
{
TR0=0;
return;
}
}
TR0=0;
for(n=0;n500;n++); //音符间延时
TR0=1;
}
TR0=0;
}
//仙剑
uchar code xianjian[]={
"|3_3_3_2_3-|2_3_2_2_,6,6_,7_|12_1_,7,6_,5_|,6---|"
"3_3_3_2_3.6_|5_6_5_5_22_3_|45_4_32_1_|3.--3_|"
"67_6_55_3_|5--3_5_|26_5_32_3_|3---|"
"26_6_6-|16_6_66_7_|`17_6_76_7_|3.--3_|"
"67_6_55_3_|5--3_5_|67_6_76_7_|3---|"
"26_6_6-|16_6_66_7_|`17_6_7.5_|6---|"
};
uchar code song3[]={
"5-5_3_2_1_|3---|6-6_4_2_1_"
",7--,5_|1.3_5.1_|,7.3_5 5_|"
"6.7_`1.6_|6_5_5-3_2_|1.1_13_2_|"
"1.1_12_3_|2.1_,62_3_|2-- ,5_|"
"1.3_5.1_|,7.3_55_|6.7_`1.6_|"
"6_5_5-3_2_|1.1_13_2_|1.1_12_3_"
"2.,6_,71_2_|1--"
};
//世上只有妈妈好
uchar code mamahao[]={
"6.5_35|`16_5_6-|35_6_53_2_|1_,6_5_3_2-|"
"2.3_55_6_|321-|5.3_2_1_,6_1_|,5--"
};
//三个按键选择三首不同的音乐播放,一个键停止播放
void main(void) // 主程序
{
TMOD = 0x01; //使用定时器0的16位工作模式
TR0 = 0;
ET0 = 1; //定时器0中断
EA = 1; //打开总中断
while(1)
{
if(!K1)
{
while(!K1);
play(xianjian); //播放音乐
}
if(!K2)
{
while(!K2);
play(song3); //播放音乐
}
if(!K3)
{
while(!K3);
play(mamahao); //播放音乐
}
}
}
单片机音乐程序的介绍就聊到这里吧，感谢您花时间阅读，谢谢。
本文标签：单片机音乐程序
